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Intersex Society of North America
The Intersex Society of North America (ISNA) was a non-profit advocacy group founded in 1993 by Cheryl Chase to end shame, secrecy, and unwanted genital surgeries.〔(Re-membering a Queer Body ), AISSG, syndicated copy of article from Undercurrents (May 1994: 11-13) by the Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University, Ontario.〕〔(Re-membering a Queer Body ), UnderCurrents (May 1994: 11-13), Faculty of Environmental Studies, York University, Ontario.〕〔Matthews, Karen (Oct 22, 2000). Debate Grows Over Using Surgery on Infants with Ambiguous Genitals. ''Los Angeles Times''〕〔Murrell, Nancy (October 28, 1998). Intersex group raises questions about genital surgery. ''Miami Herald''〕〔Hackford-Peer, Kim (2005). Cheryl Chase Founds the Intersex Society of North America. in ''GLBT History, 1993-2004''; 2005, p28-30, 2p〕 Other notable members included Morgan Holmes, Howard Devore and Alice Dreger. The organization closed in June 2008.〔Staff report (June 28, 2008). (Farewell message. ) via ISNA.org〕
ISNA later sought to promote the term disorders of sex development, and in 2006 released Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Disorders of Sex Development in Childhood. ISNA's founder Cheryl Chase moved on to help found Accord Alliance, an organization set up to promote comprehensive and integrated approaches to care that enhance the health and well-being of people and families affected by intersex (disorders of sex development), by promoting collaboration and shared decision-making between patients, families, clinicians, and researchers interested in improving care and health outcomes.〔http://www.accordalliance.org/ "Welcome to Accord Alliance〕
==Intersex in the Sex Anatomy Spectrum==
The Intersex Society of North America claimed that intersex is a socially constructed label that reflects actual biological variation. These variations range from chromosomal deviations from the standard male or female body, to deviations in reproductive organs that may or may not be visually expressed, to hormonal variations. The ISNA listed ambiguous genitalia as a commonly cited case of intersex, but there exist variations of lesser degree.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What is intersex? )〕 The ISNA claimed that intersex anatomy is not always present at birth, and not manifest until the child hits puberty.〔 Considering the wide range of variations that are considered intersex, as well as ISNA’s perceived socially-constructed nature of gender and biological sex, the ISNA placed intersex within a sex anatomy spectrum. ISNA's argument was that intersex individuals can be thought of as being on a spectrum or continuum, in which there are no clear demarcations of where male ends and female begins.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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